TRIADIC EXPLANATION OF THE PERIODIC
TABLE OF ELEMENTS
Introduction
The Periodic Table, besides being
a list of the elements that make up the physical universe, reflects, in the
atomic number, mean atomic weight and grouping of elements with similar chemical
properties, logical patterns underlying the physical structure of the universe.
Where do these patterns come from? Application of the Calculus of Distinctions1
within the Triadic Dimensional Distinction Vortical Paradigm2 has
suggested that the patterns can be explained in the context of a
nine-dimensional spinning reality with the application of the Calculus of
Distinctions, Dimensional Extrapolation and the principles of Relativity and
Quantum Mechanics3. The purpose of this discussion is to explore that
possibility.
What we know about the elements of
the Periodic Table is almost entirely based on experimental data from
investigations of just five distinct entities. They are known as the photon,
the electron, the up-quark, the down-quark, and the strange quark. Table One lists these distinctions with
two of the measureable parameters that characterize them: charge and mass.
TABLE ONE
Elementary Particle Charge
& Mass
Particle
|
Symbol
|
Charge
(Coulomb)
|
Mass (m)
|
Photon
|
Ɣ
|
0
|
0
|
electron
|
e
|
-1
|
0.511
|
u
|
+2⁄3
|
1.5–3.3
|
|
d
|
−1⁄3
|
3.5–6.0
|
|
Strange quark
|
s
|
−1⁄3
|
70 – 132
|
Elementary
Particles, Stability and the Structure of the Universe
It is an over-simplification to call these
entities particles, since they can appear as particles or waves of energy,
depending on how we choose to observe them. Of these five elementary entities,
only two, the photon and the electron, enjoy separate, stable existence for any
length of time. The other three are only detected as components of larger more
stable particles. The stable structure of the matter that makes up the physical
universe available to us for observation is composed of electrons, up quarks
and down quarks. The atoms of the elements of the Periodic Table consist of
specific, relatively stable arrangements of these three entities. Electrons orbit
around atomic nuclei composed of neutrons and protons, and neutrons and protons
are composed of up and down quarks as shown in Table Two.
Table Two
Components of Atomic Nuclei
Entity
|
Symbol
|
Consists of
|
Charge
|
Proton
|
P+
|
u + u + d
|
+1
|
Neutron
|
N0
|
u + d + d
|
0
|
Normalization
Except for the electron,
the data for the mass of the particles in Table
One are presented as ranges of values. The mass of the electron has been
directly determined to be 0.511 MeV/c2, while the masses of the other elementary particles are indirectly
determined as energy equivalents from particle collider detector and collector
data. The mass values are non-integer decimal fractions because the convenient standards
adopted for the units of measurement (MeV/c2) do not happen to be integer multiples of the smallest possible unit of
mass. Because energy only occurs
in multiples of a smallest unit, when measured in the ultimately smallest
possible quantized units, the numerical values of the actual masses of these
particles must be integers, so we are
justified in normalizing the data to integral values for purposes of comparison
and calculation.
The normalized mass values
for electrons and up and down quarks in Table
Three are obtained by simply taking the smallest elementary mass, that of
the electron, (0.511 MeV/c2) as unitary. Then to convert the mass of the up
quark and down quark into multiples of that standard unit, we divide the average
of each particle’s range of empirical data by 0.511and round the results to the
nearest whole number. Even if the basic unit we have derived in this way is not
be the actual smallest possible unit, because mass and energy are quantized, it
will be a multiple of the real quantum unit, and the normalized values will reflect
the relative proportionality of the actual masses of the particles. The strange
quark has been included in these tables even though, unlike the up and down
quarks, it is not a constituent of ordinary matter. It is included because it is
the natural decay source of up and down quarks.
Because charge is a
product of spin, we have also normalized it to avoid fractions by simply taking
the charge of the electron as - 3. This normalizes the charge of the up quark
to + 2 and the down quark to - 1. Again, as with mass, we are justified in
normalizing the measure of charge because the standard unit, the Coulomb, a
standard of convenience, is not an integral multiple of the actual quantum unit
of charge, which may be either positive or negative. The balance, or zero sum
of + and – charges in the decay process (called parity) reflects the operation of the Law of Conservation of
Energy.
Table
Three
Normalized Units
Particle
|
Symbol
|
Charge
|
Mass
|
Photon
|
Ɣ
|
0
|
0
|
electron
|
e
|
- 3
|
1
|
u
|
+ 2
|
5
|
|
d
|
− 1
|
9
|
|
Strange
quark
|
s
|
- 1
|
201
|
Why
are the particles that appear to make up ordinary matter, i.e. the electron,
proton and neutron, as stable as they are, and how do they arise from the substrate
of reality? Consider a state, perhaps in the early, high-energy,
high-temperature universe, when there was a great abundance of free quarks and
decaying and decayed quarks, - i.e. the less massive quarks and electrons.
There would probably have also been other short-lived energetic by-products of
quark collisions and decay like photons and neutrinos, radiating off to infinity,
and perhaps there were other types of free particles like those created in
experimental particle colliders, but we are focusing here on the decayed and
decaying quarks destined to form Hydrogen atoms and the other atoms of the
periodic table. In such a high-energy state, there would be many decay and
re-combination paths, but the over-all tendency, due to the Second Law of
Thermodynamics, would be from more massive particles, like the strange quark to
less massive like the up quark. If we trace the decay of strange quarks in a
nine-dimensional domain, we may be able to determine how the stable
combinations that make up the elements are formed.
Implications of the Resolution of
the EPR Paradox for Particle Physics
Resolution
of the EPR paradox by the Aspect experiment, borne out by many detailed and
sophisticated experiments, requires that we accept the fact that these entities
do not exist as localized particles except when their masses and/or energies are
registered in a way that can be observed and measured. The nine-dimensional
spin model of TDVP accommodates this very nicely: Elementary particles exist in
nine dimensions, but we can only observe and measure them in 3S-1T. Between
observations, their substance is spread across the nine dimensions, and even
when observed, only part of their substance and structure is available for
observation in 3S-1t.
We have presented relevant evidence and
arguments for the following theoretical ideas elsewhere, but we posit them here
as axiomatic statements:
1. Elementary
particles are created as the result of the interaction of the three universal
processes of expansion, contraction and rotation or spin. Their cause is thus triadic.
2. Reality
exists within at least nine finite, sequentially-nested existential dimensions.
3. We
are only partially aware of five of these dimensions through our physical
senses: three of space, one of time, and one of consciousness.
4. The
processes affecting the creation and combination of elementary particles to
form meaningful structures are rooted in the dimensionometric forms of nine
finite dimensions and one or more transfinite dimensions. The mathematical
expression of this dimensionometric form is Σni=1 (Xn)m = Zm
(to
be explained in more detail below).
5. These
particles are triadic in nature, comprised
of a universal substance which manifests as matter, energy and consciousness
interacting in the nine-dimensional domain.
The Origin of the Particles that
form the Elements of the Periodic Table
How do waves and particles form in the first place? Consider
an elementary contraction in the substance of reality characterized as a
distinction. Call that distinction D1. We have posited that its existence
is made manifest by the interaction of mass, energy and consciousness, postulated
to be three different aspects of the same thing. As demonstrated in our
discussion of intrinsic spin and the Cabibbo angle6, this elementary
distinction is rapidly spinning. With no external influence, and therefore no preferred
reference frame, the distinction spins in nine dimensions, and each plane of
rotation will cause it to resist movement like a spinning gyroscope. This
resistance to movement, or inertia,
is interpreted as mass. If the particle is spinning in more than one plane of
rotation, each spinning plane may contribute to the total inertia of the
particle. Since inertia is quantized, if the particle is spinning in nine
dimensions, it will possess at least nine units of inertia. If we accept that these
units are equivalent to units of mass normalized as we’ve done above, then such
a particle is inertially equivalent to the down quark in Table Three.
Under the entropic expansive action characterized by
the Second Law of Thermodynamics, strange quarks and down quarks decay into up
quarks, releasing photons and neutrinos. This process, documented in many
experiments, conforms to the Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy. Nothing is
lost or destroyed in the process; some of the substance of the particle changes
from one measurable form, mass, to another: energy. Table Four below illustrates how the elementary distinction, D1,
recognized as the strange quark, s,
in experimental observations, decays to form other less massive particles.
These new particles formed by natural entropic decay have the exact normalized
inertial masses that are characteristic of the other elementary particles, the
down quark, up quark and the electron, the particles that make up all of the
elements of the Periodic Table.
TABLE FOUR
Natural
Decay Path of Elementary Entities
Elementary
Distinction
|
Mass in Normalized
Units
|
Units Emitted
as Energy*
|
New Mass in Normalized
Units
|
New Entity
|
D1 = s
|
201
|
192 (4x46)
|
9
|
d
|
D2 = d
|
9
|
4
|
5
|
u
|
D3 = u
|
5
|
4
|
1
|
e
|
D4 = e
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
Ɣ
|
*
Energy emitted is in the form of photons,
Ɣ,
and
neutrinos. ve , one photon plus one neutrino = 4 normalized
units. The energy of neutrinos and photons can vary, but, since energy is
quantized, their energy can only consist of integer multiples of normalized units.
There are some indications that neutrinos may have a miniscule amount of mass,
so the neutrino emitted may have 1 unit of mass and one or two units of energy.
The photon’s mass is zero, and its energy is proportional to its wave length,
so the photons emitted in the decay process may have a wave length reflecting the
energy of one or two units.
Notice that the four units emitted, identified as
mass in the quarks, are measured as mass and energy in the photon and
neutrino. This indicates an equivalence between normalized mass
units and energy, and more importantly, a transformation of the measurable aspect
of the universal substance from mass to energy. We know that the transformation
relationship between mass and energy is E
= mc2. Since c2
is a constant, we may normalize the units of energy into units equivalent with
our normalized mass units very easily as follows: The standard unit used to
measure the energy of elementary particles is the MeV(one million electron
volts) the standard unit used in measuring the mass of the particles in Table One is one million electron volts
divided by the speed of light squared (MeV/c2), equivalent to 1.782662×10−36 kg., a
very small fraction of a kilogram. So X units of mass in our normalized units in Table Two = X Mev/c2.
That occurs as a result of the Substituting
m = X Mev/c2 into and E
= mc2, we get E = X (Mev/c2
) ∙
c2 = X Mev.
Thus the units in Table Four are
normalized equivalence units measuring both mass and energy. Any given number, X, of normalized units of mass in this
table is equivalent to X normalized units
of energy.
We have also posited that the substance of reality is
not just mass and energy, i.e. binary in mode, but triadic, existing in three
forms: mass, energy and consciousness. Since mass and energy are measurable in our
normalized units, it is reasonable to expect that consciousness might also be.
If, e.g., like mass and energy, consciousness is quantized, and each unit of
consciousness is equivalent to a constant multiple of energy units, then
consciousness can also be also be measured in multiples of these normalized units
of equivalence, and the processes that form the elements of the Periodic Table
can be described and analyzed using them. Even though we have not yet defined
what a unit of consciousness might consist of, we may be able to define it
indirectly relative to energy and mass in terms of the equivalence units. Extending
the logic of E = mc2, the
mathematical relationship between mass and energy, the relationship between energy
and consciousness, C, is probably of the form: C = Ek(∆t/∆c)n
where ∆t/∆c
is the ratio of the minimum increments at the border of the T and C domains
just as ∆x/∆t
is
the ratio at the border of the S and T domains, k is the maximum limiting rate
of change of time with respect to consciousness, and n is > 2.
Substituting, we have: C = mc2
k(∆t/∆c)n.
Notice that no units of consciousness appear in the
decay process depicted in Table Three
because it is a natural entropic process. So why don’t all elementary distinctions
simply decay into photons and neutrinos that expand to infinity, resulting in a
swift return to a state of maximum entropy, a state where there are no
distinctions in the substance of reality? Regardless of how particles
originate, something happens to counteract the action of the Second Law of
Thermodynamics. What happens to perpetuate the negative entropy we see around
us? The answer lies in the conveyance of the logic of the C-substrate
(dimensions 7, 8 and 9 of the nine dimensional domain of reality) into the
3S-1T domain of observation, by the intrinsic
form of the dimensionometric domains represented mathematically by the
equation Σni=1 (Xn)m
= Zm and
by the action of one or more units of consciousness organizing mass and energy
into stable structures reflecting the logic of the conscious substrate. In order for quarks to
combine to form the stable sub-atomic particles we call protons and neutrons
observable in the 3S-1t domain, they must meet the requirements of the
Conveyance Expression equation when m = 3 and n = 2 as integer multiples of normalized
units of mass, energy and consciousness. This is where Fermat’s Last Theorem
enters the picture.
Fermat’s Last
Theorem and the Combination of Quantum
Particles
Consider the combination of two elementary particles to
form a new particle. This may be modeled by the Conveyance Expression when n =
2 and m = 3.
With n = 2 and m = 3, the expression Σni=1 (Xn)m
= Zm yields the
equation (X1)3 +
(X2)3 = Z3.
X1
and X2 represent the
number of normalized units making up the particles, i.e. quarks, which combine to form the proton, P+ and the neutron, N0.
(X1)3 and (X2)3 represent
the volumes of two combining particles and
Z3 represents the volume of the particle formed in the
combination. These normalized units that make up quarks are the real building
blocks of the universe. They are holistic in the sense that each unit carries
the blueprint of matter, energy and consciousness within it, reflecting the
logical patterns of the conscious substrate.
In nine dimensions, at the sub-quark
level, whether measured as mass, energy or consciousness, the numerical values of
the spinning entities in normalized equivalence units are integers and dimensionometrically
equivalent. We will, therefore, call them Triadic Rotational Units of
Equivalence (TRUE). The increasing
spin of the four elementary distinctions creates additional attractive and
repulsive forces, and under the intelligent influence of the informed
dimensionometric structure expressed by the Conveyance Equation, they exchange TRUE
units so that combine to form new symmetric and therefore very stable sub-atomic
components. All quantum processes involving TRUE units conform to the law of
conservation of mass, energy and consciousness operating in 3S-1t macro-level
observations.
Triadic Rotational Units of Equivalence, or TRUE
units, for short, are the Calculus of Distinction equivalents of the
infinitesimals of the Calculus of Newton and Leibniz. The difference, and it is
a very important one, is that TRUE units are finite and always have integer
values. Consistent with the quantum nature of reality, there are no fractional
TRUE units. While the value of the differentiation variable of a function in
Newtonian Calculus may approach zero infinitely closely, the Calculus of
Distinctions numerical values of both content and extent variables of the
finite distinctions of mass, energy and consciousness are quantized and thus
cannot be smaller than one TRUE unit. Thus the TRUE unit is the bottom, or
limit of infinite descent for all variables. Because elementary particles are
rotating extremely rapidly, regardless of the probabilistic distribution of
density (such as that demonstrated in our analysis of the electron)6, a TRUE unit occupies a perfectly symmetrical volume,
and that volume is the same whether the content is measured as mass, energy or
consciousness.
Using the axioms proposed above, and TRUE units, we
will proceed to describe the triadic makeup of the Hydrogen atom and the other elements
of the Periodic Table. The values of the mass of the elementary entities, in multiples
of the TRUE unit, are determined by normalization of experimental data as
described above; the values of the energy of the entities, also in multiples of
the TRUE unit, are calculated using the established mathematical relationship
between mass and energy (E = mc2); and the values
of the measures of the consciousness of the elementary entities in multiples of
the TRUE units are determined by application of the Conveyance Equation and the
assumption that a mathematical relationship, analogous to E = mc2
exists between energy and consciousness.
At the quantum level, to be stable
quantum particles, existing as finite three-dimensional distinctions, each of these
volumes must be equivalent to either the volume of a single TRUE unit, or multiples
of the volume of the TRUE unit. This means that X1, Y2
and Z must be integers.
Fermat’s Last Theorem tells us
there are no integer solutions for this equation, which means that no two
particles consisting of TRUE units, or integral multiples of TRUE units, can
combine to form a new symmetrical
entity. Such asymmetrical combinations of rapidly spinning entities will tumble
or spiral, especially under the influence any external force, and will thus be far
less stable than symmetric forms.
However, when n = m =3, the expression yields the
equation
(X1)3 + (X2)3 + (X3)3=
Z3,
which does have integer solutions. The first one (with
the smallest integers) is
33 + 43 + 53 = 63
It is important to recognize that the equations produced
by Σni=1 (Xn)m
= Zm when n and m, and the Xi
and Z are integers are mathematical expressions of the form of the logical structure of the C-substrate as it is conveyed
to the 3S domain. For this reason, we will call this expression the Conveyance
Expression. This expression, generalizing the summation of n finite m-dimensional
distinctions, and the equations it generates when all variables are integers,
including the equations of the Pythagorean Theorem and Fermat’s Last Theorem,
prove to be indispensably useful in the mathematical analysis of the
combination of elementary particles.
The simplest symmetric form in three-dimensional space is the sphere, and as noted above, we can assume that the TRUE unit of substance is spherical. If the particles are also spherical, their volumes are 4/3 π r13, 4/3 π r23, and 4/3 π r33, where r1, r2 and r3 are the radii of the particles. But, since the volumes of the particles are integral multiples of the TRUE unit, r1, r2 and r3 must be integer multiples of the radius of the TRUE unit; so let r1= X1RT, r2 = X2RT, and r3 = X3RT where X1, X2 and X3 are integers and RT is the radius of the TRUE unit. The Conveyance Equation representation of the combination of the three particles becomes:
4/3
π (X1RT) 3 + 4/3 π (X2 RT)
3 + 4/3 π (X3RT) 3
The new
particle, consisting of the three particles combined, is represented by the
expression 4/3 π (ZRT) 3,
where, Z is necessarily an integer, since no particle can contain fractional
TRUE units, and we have:
4/3
π (X1RT) 3 + 4/3 π (X2 RT)
3 + 4/3 π (X3RT) 3 = 4/3 π (ZRT)
3
Dividing both
sides of the equation by all of the common constant factors: 4/3,
π and
(RT)3,
we have:
(X1)3
+ (X2)3 + (X3)3= Z3, where the Xi
and Z are integers representing
the number of linear cross-sections of the TRUE volumes of each particle represented
by the terms of the equation.
Since spinning elementary
particles are symmetric, and multiples of TRUE units, which are also symmetric,
the fact that this equation has integer solutions, while the equation (X1)3 + (X2)3
= Z3 does not, tells us that for the elementary particles in
Table Three to combine to form the
most stable, symmetric compound distinctions, three particles, not two, must combine.
Note that this
conclusion is independent of the actual shape of the combining particles and is
even independent of the size and substance of the TRUE unit. As long as the
particles have the same symmetrical form, the shape factor, in this case, 4/3 π (RT )3,
cancels out. They could, e.g., be any of the regular polyhedrons like
tetrahedrons, with four equilateral triangular sides, hexahedrons (better known
as cubes), with six square sides, octahedrons, etc.
Just as the intrinsic structure of dimensional domains of
three or more dimensions causes the combination of two elementary particles to
be asymmetric, it allows the combination of three particles to be symmetric and
very stable.
We will limit the scope of the remainder of this
mathematical description to the five particles that make up the elements of the
Periodic Table, namely the electron, the up quark, the down quark, and the two
composite particles, the proton and the neutron. At the point of observation, this
set of particles forms an open system in the five-dimensional domain of space,
time and consciousness (3S-1T-1C). As a finite physical system in the four
dimensional domain of space-time, these elementary particles are subject to the
Second Law of Thermodynamics, which is expressed through the process of
universal expansion toward maximum entropy; but this tendency toward maximum
entropy is counteracted by the processes of contraction of the substance of
reality into stable finite distinctions with high-velocity rotation and spin
according to the pattern expressed through the form of the Conveyance Equation.
The TRUE units are thus the substance of reality. We postulate that this
substance of reality is triadic in nature, composed of mass, energy and
consciousness. With the introduction of
the TRUE unit as the Calculus of Distinctions basic unitary distinction,
and nine-dimensional spin as the dynamic nature of distinctions of matter and energy supporting the logic of
consciousness, we are re-integrating our understanding of physical reality with
the awareness of the conscious substrate as the mathematically logical matrix
from which physical reality originates.
Albert Einstein and Hermann Minkowski began this
re-integration of the scientific description of reality with consciousness by
recognizing the geometric nature of space and time as dimensional, establishing
the concept of space-time4, and the nature of matter and energy as
two different forms of the same substance. Bohr, Heisenberg and Schr introduced quantization, which ultimately
requires the integration of consciousness into the process of observation and
measurement. We are extending this integration to include the five additional
finite dimensions indicated by the mathematics of Dimensional Extrapolation5,
and including consciousness as the third aspect of the substance of reality.
Even though Einstein coined the new term “space-time” describing the new
concept of a four-dimensional geometric domain, and established the
mathematical equivalence of matter and energy with E = mc2, he
introduced no new terminology for the generic substance of reality. We will use
the terms “essential substance” or “essence” to indicate the substance of
reality manifesting triadically as matter, energy and consciousness.
Consistent with decay from the strange quark and down
quark to the up quark, and stabilization through the dimensionometric structure
described by the Conveyance Equation, the following tables describe the
electron, up quarks, down quarks, protons, neutrons, and the elements Hydrogen,
atomic number 1, through Calcium, atomic number 20, in terms of TRUE units.
The Elementary Particles in TRUE Units
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
e
|
- 3
|
1
|
9
|
10
|
1,000
|
u
|
+ 2
|
5
|
3
|
8
|
512
|
d
|
- 1
|
9
|
-3
|
6
|
216
|
Notice the difference between the number of TRUE units representing the mass, energy and consciousness
content of a particle and the volume
of a particle. The volume of the particle (in the three observable dimensions
of space) is equal to the total number of units cubed. Notice also, that as the
influence of consciousness increases, the TRUE units observable as matter or
energy decreases.
The Proton (P+)
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
u
|
+ 2
|
5
|
5
|
10
|
1,000
|
u
|
+ 2
|
5
|
3
|
8
|
512
|
d
|
- 1
|
9
|
-3
|
6
|
216
|
Total
|
+ 3
|
19
|
5
|
24
|
1,728
|
The number of
TRUE units representing the mass and energy content of a particle in this table
are fixed numbers determined by normalization of empirical data, and the number of consciousness units for each
particle is fixed by the requirements of the Conveyance Equation. The numbers
in the “Total” column are the smallest possible integers consistent with the
empirical data and the Conveyance Equation requirement that the sum of the
three totals cubed must equal an integer cubed. Any other set of numbers in the
“Consciousness” column would either be inconsistent with the empirical data or
produce a negative and/or non-integer value of TRUE units in the Proton,
violating the quantum requirement. Thus, even though at this point, we cannot directly
measure the consciousness involved, we have calculated the TRUE units of
consciousness from the Conveyance Equation. We can derive different
consciousness unit numbers for e, u and d from different integral solutions of the Conveyance Equation, but
the solution 63 + 83 +
103 = 123 is the smallest integral solution
consistent with sign and parity requirements and the empirical data from
particle colliders.
The Neutron (N0)
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
u
|
+ 2
|
5
|
5
|
10
|
1,000
|
d
|
- 1
|
9
|
-1
|
8
|
512
|
d
|
- 1
|
9
|
-3
|
6
|
216
|
Totals
|
0
|
23
|
1
|
24
|
1,728
|
Notice that there is more mass/energy and less
consciousness in the neutron than in the proton, and consistent with
experimental data, particles with more mass have less volume.
ELEMENTS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
The projection of the
logical patterns of the Conscious Substrate into the structures of the
physical universe is accomplished by the conformance of the TRUE units making
up the elementary particles to the requirements of the Conveyance Equation. This
allows the formation of the uniquely stable combinations of quarks that are
needed to form the elements supporting life forms capable of acting as physical
vehicles of consciousness. By organizing the structure of elementary particles
in this way, Primary Consciousness builds a universe in which it can function as
individualized consciousness experiencing reality in finite form.
HYDROGEN
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
e
|
- 3
|
1
|
9
|
10
|
1,000
|
P+
|
+ 3
|
19
|
5
|
24
|
1,728
|
Totals
|
0
|
20
|
14
|
34
|
2,728
|
Notice that the electron, by rotating in nine dimensions,
generates three units of charge (normalized here to three times unity). And the
proton, rotating in the opposite direction, generates three units of charge of
the opposite parity, resulting in an electrically stable atom.
TRITIUM (Isotope)
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
e
|
- 3
|
1
|
9
|
10
|
1,000
|
P+
|
+ 3
|
19
|
5
|
24
|
1,728
|
N0
|
0
|
23
|
1
|
24
|
1,728
|
Totals
|
0
|
43
|
15
|
58
|
4,456
|
HELIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
2e
|
- 6
|
2
|
18
|
20
|
2,000
|
2P+
|
+ 6
|
38
|
10
|
48
|
3,456
|
2N0
|
0
|
46
|
2
|
48
|
3,456
|
Totals
|
0
|
86
|
30
|
116
|
8,912
|
LITHIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
3e
|
- 9
|
3
|
27
|
30
|
3,000
|
3P+
|
+ 9
|
57
|
15
|
72
|
5,184
|
4N0
|
0
|
92
|
4
|
96
|
6,912
|
Totals
|
0
|
152
|
46
|
198
|
15,096
|
Beryllium
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
4e
|
- 12
|
4
|
36
|
40
|
4,000
|
4P+
|
+ 12
|
76
|
20
|
96
|
6,912
|
5N0
|
0
|
115
|
5
|
120
|
8,640
|
Totals
|
0
|
195
|
61
|
256
|
19,552
|
BORON
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
5e
|
- 3
|
5
|
45
|
50
|
5,000
|
5P+
|
+ 3
|
95
|
25
|
120
|
8,640
|
6N0
|
0
|
138
|
6
|
144
|
10,368
|
Totals
|
0
|
238
|
76
|
314
|
24,008
|
CARBON
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
6e
|
- 3
|
6
|
54
|
60
|
6,000
|
6P+
|
+ 3
|
114
|
30
|
144
|
10,368
|
6N0
|
0
|
138
|
6
|
144
|
10,368
|
Totals
|
0
|
258
|
90
|
348
|
26,736
|
NITROGEN
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
7e
|
- 3
|
7
|
63
|
70
|
7,000
|
7P+
|
+ 3
|
133
|
35
|
168
|
12,096
|
7N0
|
0
|
161
|
7
|
168
|
12,096
|
Totals
|
0
|
301
|
105
|
406
|
31,192
|
OXYGEN
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
8e
|
- 3
|
8
|
72
|
80
|
8,000
|
8P+
|
+ 3
|
152
|
40
|
192
|
13,824
|
8N0
|
0
|
184
|
8
|
192
|
13,824
|
Totals
|
0
|
344
|
120
|
464
|
35,648
|
FLUORINE
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
9e
|
- 3
|
9
|
81
|
90
|
9,000
|
9P+
|
+ 3
|
171
|
45
|
216
|
15,552
|
10N0
|
0
|
230
|
10
|
240
|
17,280
|
Totals
|
0
|
410
|
136
|
546
|
41,832
|
NEON
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
10e
|
- 3
|
10
|
90
|
100
|
10,000
|
10P+
|
+ 3
|
190
|
50
|
240
|
17,280
|
10N0
|
0
|
230
|
10
|
240
|
17,280
|
Totals
|
0
|
430
|
150
|
580
|
44,560
|
SODIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
11e
|
- 3
|
11
|
99
|
110
|
11,000
|
11P+
|
+ 3
|
209
|
55
|
264
|
19,008
|
12N0
|
0
|
276
|
12
|
288
|
20,736
|
Totals
|
0
|
496
|
166
|
662
|
40,744
|
MAGNESIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
12e
|
- 3
|
12
|
108
|
120
|
12,000
|
12P+
|
+ 3
|
228
|
60
|
288
|
20,736
|
12N0
|
0
|
276
|
12
|
288
|
20,736
|
Totals
|
0
|
516
|
180
|
696
|
53,
472
|
ALUMINIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
13e
|
- 3
|
13
|
117
|
130
|
13,000
|
13P+
|
+ 3
|
247
|
65
|
312
|
22,464
|
14N0
|
0
|
322
|
14
|
336
|
24,192
|
Totals
|
0
|
582
|
196
|
778
|
59,656
|
SILICON
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
14e
|
- 3
|
14
|
126
|
140
|
14,000
|
14P+
|
+ 3
|
266
|
70
|
336
|
24,192
|
14N0
|
0
|
322
|
14
|
336
|
24,192
|
Totals
|
0
|
602
|
210
|
812
|
62,384
|
PHOSPHOROUS
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
15e
|
- 3
|
15
|
135
|
150
|
15,000
|
15P+
|
+ 3
|
285
|
75
|
360
|
25,920
|
15N0
|
0
|
345
|
15
|
360
|
25,920
|
Totals
|
0
|
645
|
225
|
870
|
66,840
|
SULFUR
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
16e
|
- 3
|
16
|
144
|
160
|
16,000
|
16P+
|
+ 3
|
304
|
80
|
384
|
27,648
|
16N0
|
0
|
368
|
16
|
384
|
27,648
|
Totals
|
0
|
688
|
240
|
928
|
71,296
|
CHLORINE
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
17e
|
- 3
|
17
|
153
|
170
|
17,000
|
17P+
|
+ 3
|
323
|
85
|
408
|
29,376
|
18N0
|
0
|
414
|
18
|
432
|
31,104
|
Totals
|
0
|
754
|
256
|
1,010
|
77,480
|
ARGON
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
18e
|
- 3
|
18
|
162
|
180
|
18,000
|
18P+
|
+ 3
|
342
|
90
|
432
|
31,104
|
22N0
|
0
|
506
|
22
|
528
|
38,016
|
Totals
|
0
|
866
|
274
|
1,140
|
87,120
|
POTASSIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
19e
|
- 3
|
19
|
171
|
190
|
19,000
|
19P+
|
+ 3
|
361
|
95
|
456
|
32,832
|
20N0
|
0
|
460
|
20
|
480
|
34,560
|
Totals
|
0
|
840
|
286
|
1,126
|
86,392
|
CALCIUM
Particle
|
Charge
|
Mass/Energy
|
Consciousness
|
Total
|
Volume
|
20e
|
- 3
|
20
|
180
|
200
|
20,000
|
20P+
|
+ 3
|
380
|
100
|
480
|
34,560
|
20N0
|
0
|
460
|
20
|
480
|
34,560
|
Totals
|
0
|
860
|
300
|
1,160
|
89,120
|
What we have shown, is how, in a nine-dimensional spin
reality, stable structures are purposefully formed for use as vehicles through
which the consciousness of the C-substrate may experience spacetime reality.
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