Showing posts with label Quantum equivalence unit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Quantum equivalence unit. Show all posts

Monday, September 14, 2020

THE NATURE OF REALITY

 

WHAT IS THE NATURE OF REALITY?

This is not a trivial question; and I would argue that sooner or later, in this world or the next, every one of us will have to think about it, and try to answer this question for our self. With the craziness that is going on in the world today, maybe now is a good time to have a look at this question and make a serious effort to answer it.

Let’s start by thinking about what is behind the question: It assumes that there actually is something called reality, and that it is, to some extent, independent of whatever we may think about it. If this were not the case, then each of us would be adrift, alone, like a vessel on the surface of an endless ocean, below an endless sky, with no polestar, no lighthouse beacon, no land, nothing to relate to. But our individual awareness of the physical world, and interactions with others in it, strongly suggest that there is a reality independent of our thoughts and actions. The question also assumes that reality is knowable. This is important, because if reality is unknowable, we are again in a world of ultimate uncertainty, grasping at straws of an elusive reality, that continuously dissolves and slips through our fingers!

In fact, the history of modern science up until 1900, resembles this concept of reality: Holding an object in his hand, a physicist could grasp it as a solid reality, made up of structured molecules of definite size and shape, but when he looked more closely, the molecules were made of atoms, and looking deeper into the atoms, he found that they were almost nothing but empty space. Then, these tiny bits of matter, that he had thought of as the indivisible elemental building blocks of reality, turned out to be made of negative and positive electrically charged bits of matter, which he named electrons and nuclei, whirling, around very far apart, with nothing solid in between.

Probing deeper still, he discovered that the nuclei were also not really solid, but were made of electrically charged protons and chargeless neutrons. Surely, in them, he had finally found the building blocks of physically reality! But no! These “proto” particles were made of even smaller spinning bits, whimsically called quarks, which decayed rapidly when separated from the nuclei. With the decay of quarks, solid physical reality had literally dissolved into energy, and slipped through his fingers. The solid object he held in his hand was exposed as an illusion. And of course that meant that the solidity of the hand holding the object, made of cells, molecules, atoms, etc., was also an illusion. And what about his brain and reasoning mind? Could they also ultimately be something very different than they seemed to be? Could the analysis be carried on indefinitely, like an infinite descent into nothingness, or did it stop somewhere?

Even though, in the world of daily experience, a physical object can be only be divided into separate parts a finite number of times, that is apparently just a physical limitation of the instrument of division. Conceptually, the dividing of objects could conceivably go on indefinitely. Interestingly, this is exactly the conceptual basis of the most useful mathematical tool of modern science, called infinitesimal calculus, or as it is commonly known: “the calculus”. However, between 1900 and around the year of my birth, Three very important discoveries changed everything. Those discoveries were:

·       Max Planck’s discovery that energy only occurs in exact multiples of a very small amount of energy called a quantum of energy. This marked the beginning of Quantum Physics.

·       Albert Einstein’s discovery that time and space have no absolute existence of their own. This marked the beginning of Relativistic Physics.

·       Kurt Gӧdel’s discovery of proof of the Uncertainty Theorems, which, when combined with relativity and quantum physics, marked the end of the belief in finite axiomatic determinism.

What do these three discoveries mean in plain English? The first tells us that there is a bottom to the infinite descent in the energy of the decaying quarks: one quantum. The second tells us that, because of the equivalence of mass and energy (E=mc2) there is a bottom to the division of objects: one quantum. The third tells us that the logical structure of reality is infinite, because no finite model is complete. What do they tell us about the nature of reality? Together, they hold the keys to the paradigm shift that led to another new discovery. The new discovery was made  possible by the development of a truly quantized calculus called the Calculus of Dimensional Distinctions (CoDD), using a quantum equivalence unit based on Large Hadron Collider data. Application of this new calculus and consistent mathematical procedures led to the discovery of the existence of a non-physical quantity that is necessary in addition to mass and energy for the existence of a stable physical universe.

What does this new paradigm tell us about the nature of reality? It has already told us far more about the nature of reality than was possible to learn within the current mainstream scientific paradigm. It has logically explained things that were inexplicable in the current mainstream paradigm, such as why quarks only combine in threes to form protons and neutrons, why the Cabibbo quark-mixing angle has the exact value it has, and why the proton and neutron have the exact masses they do.

I can only present a summary here. More detail can be found in “Reality Begins with Consciousness” by Dr Vernon Neppe and me, available in e-book form at www.BrainVoyage.com, in several technical papers published in the journal of the Exceptional Creative Achievement Organization (ECAO), and in Vol. 8, No. 3, of the IQNexus Journal: https://www.iqnexus.org/mag.htm , in “Is Consciousness Primary?”, Vol. 1, published by the Academy for the Advancement of Postmaterialist Sciences (AAPS Global), in other posts on this blog, and in “Transcendental Physics”, and “Secrets of the Sacred Cube, A Cosmic Love Story” books by me, available on Amazon.com.

In summary, the reality we experience consists of an extensive domain of nine finite dimensions containing  a distinct number of dynamic finite objects made up of relativistic quantized energy, inertial mass, and individualized conscious beings, all embedded in the infinite field of Primary Consciousness. The logical structures of individual consciousness, quantized energy, inertial mass, and the nine-dimensional finite domain, are conveyed from their origin as ideal distinctions in Primary Consciousness, into physical reality, embedded in three dimensions of consciousness, three dimensions of time, and three dimensions of space.

Nine finite dimensions of reality are definitely indicated and specifically defined by the mathematics, and you may be surprised to learn that we can actually naturally relate, at least conceptually, to seven of them, not just the three dimensions of ordinary space: length, width, and depth. When the mathematical description of the rotation and projection from a 3-dimensional domain to the next dimensionally larger domain, a 4-D domain, using the Pythagorean Theorem, which you may remember from your high school geometry, is accomplished, an additional number of a new type must be used to represent the location of the unitary projection into the additional dimension. I call this procedure of projection from a lower to a higher dimensional domain Dimensional Extrapolation.

For example, points in the 3-D quantum domain are exactly located by three integers, and a point located one unit into the fourth dimension must be represented by four numbers: 3 integers plus an imaginary number (the square-root of minus one, which is the fourth root of unity) After each set of three, the next dimension must be represented by a new type of number, otherwise, the point to which you project will still be in the same dimensional domain. The location of all projections out of 3, 6 and 9-D domains require additional new numbers that are sequentially higher dimensional roots of unity.

As the description of reality is expanded into domains with more dimensions, we find that we can explain more and more of our experiences as conscious beings. As we expand our awareness of the nine dimensions of reality through dimensional extrapolation, with each added dimension, the reality we perceive becomes more complex and richer, with additional subtle qualities, because each dimensional domain contains all of the domains of fewer dimensions within it, and the domain of nine finite dimensions is embedded in the infinite field of Primary Consciousness. Each dimension adds more subtle inter-dimensional relationships to the total experience of reality, and expansion beyond each of the sets of three dimensions with the same type of numerical units, is an entry into a higher dimensional domain with much more subtle qualities. Time is more complex and subtle than space, and consciousness is more complex and subtle than time.

To understand this mathematically invariant feature of dimensional domains better, it is helpful to perform the following thought experiment in quantum geometry, using the concept of dimensional extrapolation:

In quantized reality, a point is not a mathematical singularity, it is a single quantum of extent. It then follows that a line of quantum points forms a 1-D domain, and conversely, this 1-D domain contains, potentially, an infinite number of zero-D domains (quantum points). Similarly, a 2-D domain (a quantum plane) has the potential of containing an infinite number of 1-D domains (quantum lines); and 3-D domain (a volume filled with quantum points), potentially contains an infinite number of 2-D domains (quantum planes), and an infinite number of 1-D domains. Continuing to extrapolate into the next dimension, i.e., into the first dimension of time, a 4-D domain, we find that it has the potential to contain an infinite number of 3-D domains.

But, as pointed out by Einstein, this logical structure of dimensional domains only exists because of their content, And because reality is dynamic, the configuration of the mass-energy-consciousness content of each 3-D quantum domain on a given quantal timeline may have changed by quantal amounts from one quantum of time to the next.  Such a sequence of dynamic 3-D realities defines a specific finite timeline as experienced by a specific conscious individual. Finally, each individual conscious being experiences one quantum of consciousness in the seventh dimensional domain, which contains experience of all of the dimensional domains contained below it. So the invariant rule that holds for all finite dimensional domains is that every n-dimensional quantum domain contains within it n-1, n-2, n-3, … and n-n= 0-D domains like potentially infinite sub-sets.

Even though we are aware of one dimension of consciousness, most of us at this time in the spiritual evolution of consciousness on this planet are so focused and identified with the 3S-1t body, that we are oblivious of the 2-T and 3-T dimensions (n = 5 and 6) domains, even though partially aware of the 7-D domain! A conscious being fully aware of his or her domain and all of the sub-set dimensional domains below it, would be a very aware person in today’s world, That person would not only be aware of his or her own timeline, but also those of others, as well.

Because while using dimensional extrapolation to move from lower to higher dimensional domains, we shift our thinking from plane geometry to solid geometry, to hyper-dimensional geometry, I think it is appropriate to describe the quantum geometry of nine-dimensional reality as dimensionometry.

The discovery of the third quantifiable essential aspect of the content of reality, a variable represented by gimmel, the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet, allows us to include representation of experimentally verifiable non-physical phenomena in the equations describing the reality we experience. As conscious and self-conscious beings, we can conceive of, and thus potentially perceive at least two dimensions of time and two dimensions of consciousness in addition to the three dimensions of space. This potential should be a powerful motivation for us to expand our consciousness as rapidly as possible during this lifetime. For the betterment of the world, we should also want to help each other and others to understand how to do this too.

 

ERC 9/14/2020


Wednesday, March 13, 2019

WHAT IS GIMMEL???




WHY IS THERE SOMETHING RATHER THAN NOTHING?
© 2019 by Edward R. Close

The great German polymath Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz said: “Die wichtigste Frage, die die Wissenschaft zuerst beantworten sollte, ist: Warum gibt es etwas, statt nichts?“

Translation: “The most important question that science should answer first, is: Why is there something rather than nothing?”

Why has modern science virtually ignored this basic question despite the fact that one of the most respected thinkers in the history of Western science considered it to be so important? It is because of the fragmentation of Western thought by academic specialization, which I have disparaged in previous posts, and because mainstream science has no answer for this question. When a question is too difficult for scientists to find a way to formulate in a testable hypothesis, it is all too easy to claim it is really not a scientific question, and relegate it to the specialized community of professional philosophers. But, in this case, that is a cop-out.

Leibniz was absolutely right, why there is something rather than nothing is a question of the utmost importance, and it should be answered first, because the answer will change science in profound ways that will be hard for mainstream Western scientists to even imagine. The Triadic Dimensional Vortical Paradigm (TDVP) answers this question, and Dr. Neppe and I have addressed it in published works. I have also addressed it in other blog posts; but it seems that a brief, uncomplicated  answer is hard to find. so I want to focus on it here and provide a clear, concise answer.

It turns out that with the discovery of gimmel, the answer is immediately clear and straight forward: Without gimmel, there could be no stable subatomic structure, and the physical universe would not exist. So the answer to the question of why there is something rather than nothing, boiled down to its simplest form, is:

There is something rather than nothing because of gimmel.

But, if I want this post to stand alone, if I want this answer to be clear and definitive, I cannot assume that the reader knows what gimmel is. So, I must also answer the question: what is gimmel?

The best way to begin, is to first understand what gimmel is not. It absolutely cannot be matter or energy. Let me explain: In TDVP the mass and volume of the free electron define the quantum equivalence unit, which can be used to measure all elementary particles. This quantum equivalence unit, also called the Triadic Rotational Unit of equivalence (TRUE), is defined, and the TRUE value for the up- and down-quarks are determined using very exact data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and we find that, mathematically, up- and down-quarks cannot combine physically to form the protons and neutrons of ordinary matter unless there are specific additional numbers of quantum equivalence units in their composition.  These additional TRUE cannot be units of mass or energy, because if they were, the resulting particles would not be protons or neutrons. The bottom line is: ordinary matter contains units of mass, energy and a third something that is neither matter nor energy. We call that third something gimmel.

Now, ask yourself: if gimmel is not mass or energy, exactly what is it? Everything physical is measurable in variables of content (mass and energy) and variables of extent (space and time). Gimmel cannot have even one unit of mass or energy. If it exists in space and time, what is it? There are clues in the quantum math and physics derivations that led to its discovery, but what do YOU think it might be? Please post your thoughts in “comments”. or send me a Facebook message.

Tuesday, March 5, 2019

OUR BIGGEST MISTAKE AND THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE



MANKIND’S BIGGEST MISTAKE
AND THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE
The biggest error in modern science, and human thought in general, is conceptual fragmentation. As a sentient species, we have been approaching the problem of understanding reality piecemeal, focusing on different parts of reality as if they were independent of each other, and independent of the whole. As a result, educational and academic institutions are fragmented into separate specialization fields, and we often choose one part of reality as real, and ignore the rest, as if it didn’t exist. This is why there are paradoxes and conflicts in science, and in human life in general. But reality is not fragmented. It functions as a seamless whole, and it is now time to integrate our search for truth.

In regard to the mistake of fragmentation, the “man” in mankind is appropriate for use in describing the civilizations of the past few thousand years on this planet, because men, with greater physical strength, needed to assure the survival of the species, have dominated the traditional scientific and religious efforts to understand reality, forcing integrative approaches like shamanism, psychism and mediumship, into the fringes of acceptable thought, rejected by the mainstream establishment thinkers. Women, who are generally more in touch with the non-physical side of reality, are more likely to be involved in the spiritual life of Western Civilization, even though historically, they have been banned from participating in leadership roles in the dominant establishment institutions. When I was an undergraduate physics student in the late 1950s, young women were scarce in the halls of science and engineering. There was only one in the upper-level math courses I took, and none in upper-level physics. Female doctors and scientists were few, and not well accepted. Most religious institutions did not allow women to become priests or ministers. The ban on women in institutionalized leadership roles has changed drastically in the last 50 years, and, in my opinion, is one indication that re-integration of the organized investigation of reality is at last under way.

With the discovery by Neppe and Close in 2011 of gimmel, the non-physical part of reality necessary for the formation of stable atomic structures leading to life-supporting organic compounds, we have proof that what has traditionally been called “spirit” precedes and underlies all of reality. This discovery, and the development of a quantum calculus appropriate for finite quantum reality, encompassed in infinitely continuous Primary Consciousness, provides a comprehensive basis for integrating the search for truth and the understanding of the true nature of reality.

Physical reality, it turns out, as quantized mass and energy, makes up less than 5% of Reality. Consciousness, the manifestation of Spirit, makes up the other 95-plus percent. But, through the prisms of the limited physical senses, and the most well-developed image-forming capabilities of the brain, our awareness is dominated by the finite physical four-plus percent. This was necessary for the survival of the human species through which Spirit manifests and expresses itself, but with the immediacy of the struggle for physical survival pushed to the background by advances in technology, we are poised on the threshold of the science of the future. With the discovery of gimmel, the measurement of consciousness in the structures of reality becomes as scientific, precise and accurate, as the measurement of mass and energy.

Beyond the threshold, the entrenched dualistic dialectic of materialism will be replaced by the triadic holism of the manifestation of the logical structure of Primary Consciousness, -or Spirit, as finite, quantized mass, energy and consciousness. It will become clear that, in addition to the five different electricities that carry information from objective reality to the brain, there are additional forms of vibratory energy that carry more subtle information revealing the underlying spiritual structure of reality. Because of the natural plasticity of the human brain, it will be able to develop and evolve to perceive and understand the mathematical relationships between the physical four-plus percent of reality and the underlying spiritual nature of Reality.

Note: The derivation of the quantum equivalence unit and the subsequent discovery of gimmel has been published in several places, including the ECAO Journal and the IQNexus Journal, and can be found on this blogsite by searching for “gimmel”.

Saturday, September 1, 2018

PAST LIVES AND DNA



THE VOLUMETRIC PATTERNS OF MATTER,
LIFE, CONSCIOUSNESS, and DNA

It is my opinion that everything must be based on a simple idea. And it is my opinion that this idea, once we have finally discovered it, will be so compelling, so beautiful, that we will say to one another, yes, how could it have been any different.- John Archibald Wheeler, theoretical physicist

The simple idea John Wheeler foresaw as the future of science is the principle of quantum equivalence, the idea behind the Triadic Rotational Unit of Equivalence (TRUE), a term I coined sometime in 2010 or 2011, while working on the Triadic Dimensional Vortical Paradigm (TDVP) with Dr. Vernon Neppe. While the mathematics that TRUE engenders, which I call the Calculus of Dimensional Distinctions (CoDD), is complex, the principle of volumetric equivalence is simple and easy to understand: Reality is volumetric. It’s that simple! There are no zero-dimensional particles, no one-dimensional trajectories, and no two-dimensional electrons. All real objects have volume, and to pretend they don’t invites confusion and paradox.

The importance of the simple realization that reality is volumetric can be seen in an analogy: Consider a cross-section of a living organism, like slicing a living animal into two halves. While revealing a lot of information, one cross-section can never explain how the internal organs of the living being function. Even multiple cross-sections, unless there are so many of them that they include every quantum unit of width, do not convey the whole picture. And even then, the volume must not be limited to three dimensions. The fourth dimension of time is crucial, and we have found that the combination of elementary particles, and many other natural processes are not fully explained without expanding the hyper-volumetric analysis of real phenomena to nine finite dimensions embedded in an infinite field of consciousness.

The principle of quantum equivalence is simply the recognition that everything in the cosmos is composed of combinations of volumetric equivalence units of mass, energy and consciousness. The fact that everything can be measured in multiples of a minimum volume, a quantum unit, was first indicated with the discovery by physicist Max Planck in 1900, when he found that radiant energy only occurs in multiples of a very small unit. Put that together with the mass/energy equivalence of Einstein’s E = mc2, the TRUE and the discovery of gimmel, the volumetric form of reality that has no physical mass or energy, and you have the elegantly beautiful and simple idea Professor Wheeler envisioned. All the phenomena and processes of reality are volumetric in multi-dimensional space-time.

I’ll not go into the details of the definition of the fundamental mathematical operations of the CoDD and the derivation of the TRUE here; we’ve published them elsewhere. In this post, I want to look ahead to some exciting applications made possible by using the CoDD and Dimensional Extrapolation to shed new light on many things from cosmological to quantum, from galaxies to quarks.

The Universality of TRUE, the Quantum Equivalence Unit
To our delight, Dr. Neppe and I found that calculations in TRUE volumetric units at both the quantum scale and the cosmological scale agree within very small margins of measurement error with empirical data obtained in the Large Hadron Collider, and the Hubble “dark matter, dark energy” data. It turns out that gimmel, the agent of consciousness in physical reality, helps explain things at both ends of the spectrum of observation and measurement. For the first time in modern science, we have a way to put consciousness into the equations and explain things that have puzzled mainstream scientists for decades, like the Cabibbo quark mixing angle, why quarks combine in threes, intrinsic fermion spin, and as many as fifty other paradoxes and puzzles. Even more exciting, is the fact that by putting consciousness into the equations in the form of gimmel, we are beginning to explain why and how organic life forms are vehicles of consciousness in the physical universe.

Expanding the Understanding of the DNA Genetic Code to Include Consciousness
When we realize that the structure of reality is volumetric, it is no surprise that biologists were only able to begin to “decode” human DNA when they realized its molecular structure was a three-dimensional spiral. The gimmel-rich compounds in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), provide a molecular blueprint that consciousness uses to build and sustain functional living organisms. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, also high in gimmel content, limits the development of organic life forms to forms within the DNA blueprint.

Your DNA contains the information consciousness uses to build your body, including organic structures that result in brain capacity, eye color, hair color, height, and the detailed features of your face. But, all your physical features are encoded in less than 5% of your DNA’s molecular structure. The rest is mental and spiritual information that enable the physical vehicle of your body to manifest the many nuances of your nature as a human being.

In the previous post, discussing the survival of consciousness and the possibility of reincarnation, I mentioned the hypothesis that there might be a connection between memories of past lives and DNA.
This post is an expansion of that hypothesis. Perhaps comparing the DNA of those who have past-life memories with their DNA might be a way to test the viability of this hypothesis.

This brief introduction is intended to provide an example of how TDVP opens the door to a deeper understanding of what Dr. Neppe has called bio-psycho-physics.

Saturday, February 11, 2017

A BRIEF SUMMARY OF A QUANTUM DESCRIPTION OF QUANTUM REALITY



What follows is a brief summary of a paper I'm currenntly submiting to about a dozen scientists for peer review prior to publication.


                          QUANTUM MATHEMATICS FOR QUANTUM REALITY
The TRUE Quantum Unit and the Third Form of Reality
© Edward R. Close 2/11/17


PARTICLE/WAVE EQUIVALENCE
In this section I discuss the work of Max Planck and Albert Einstein upon whose ideas this paper builds.
THE NEED FOR A QUANTUM MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM OF LOGIC
In this section I explain why Newtonian calculus is inappropriate for application to quantum phenomena, and why the application of the calculus in particle physics gives rise to unnecessary “quantum weirdness”.

in any meaningful representation of the physical universe, all of the basic measurable variables: mass, energy, space, and time, must be quantized, and therefore, Newtonian calculus does not work for quantum phenomena. For the proper analysis of quantized reality, a new calculus is required. This calculus must be a system of quantized mathematical logic based on natural quantum units.

DEFINING THE BASICS OF QUANTUM MATHEMATICS
E = mc2 applied to the electron
Matter/energy Equivalence and the Masses of the Elementary Particles

QUANTIZATION OF SPACE-TIME

Max Planck said; “There is no matter as such” and Albert Einstein said: “The concept of empty space has no meaning.”

In this section I calculate the velocity of the electron in orbit around the Hydrogen atom. 
QUANTIZATION OF ANGULAR AND ELECTRON SPIN
 Calculating the angular velocity (spin) of the free electron, we find that it reaches the speed of light before its volume shrinks to zero. This allows us to calculate the minimum volume of the particle with minimum mass. Normalizing the speed of light allows us to  define quantum equivalence units for space and time. A complete table of natural quantum equivalence units is presented in this section.

QUANTUM CALCULUS: The Calculus of Dimensional Distinctions (CoDD)
In a quantized reality, the concept of a point, or mathematical singularity, is replaced by the existential single three-dimensional quantum.

The quantum equivalence unit should not be confused with a physical particle. The quantum equivalence units are units of measurement, not particles. The fact that an up-quark has the mass of 4 electrons does not mean that an up-quark contains 4 electrons, and the fact that an electron has one quantum equivalence unit of mass does not mean that it does not have additional quantum equivalence units of energy, space and time associated with it.

The CoDD system of units is in some ways similar to some of the existing ‘natural’ units because it sets the speed of light equal to unity (c = 1). But it does not directly naturalize the other ‘universal’ constants. An important feature of this normalization of the mass of the electron and the basic measurement units of the four directly measurable features of physical reality: mass, energy, space and time, is that it ensures that all measurements of quantized reality in the CoDD system will be integers.

HOW DO PARTICLES COMBINE TO FORM STABLE STRUCTURES?
In this section I discuss the disparity between the stability of the proton and other particles. For example, the proton has a half-life decay longer than the big-bang age of the universe, while the half-life of a free neutron is about 10 to 15 minutes.

Elementary Particles and Fermat’s Last Theorem

Fermat’s Last Theorem is famous among mathematicians because it was unsolved for more than 300 years. Its importance here comes from the fact that the possibility of  certain combinations of elementary particles is eliminated by Fermat’s Last Theorem, which says that the equation (X1)m + (X2)m = Zm  has no integer solutions when m > 2, while (X1)3 + (X2)3 + (X3)3 = Z3 does have solutions. This is why elementary particles like quarks cannot combine in pairs, but do combine in triples.

THE TRUE QUANTUM EQUIVALENCE UNIT AND THE THIRD FORM OF REALITY
In this section I prove that there has to be a third form of reality, not detectable as matter or energy, for there to be any life-supporting stable atoms.

THE ORIGIN OF MASS
In this section, I state two hypotheses about mass and particle spin in extra dimensions:

I. At the quantum level, mass is nothing more and nothing less than resistance to acceleration due to the angular momentum and moments of inertia of spinning particles.
II. Elementary particles have spin components in multiple dimensional planes.

(Acceleration is defined as any change in motion. Angular momentum and moment of inertia are defined as in classical mechanics and general relativity.)
I spend most of the rest of the paper demonstrating their validity with calculations and tables describing the origin of neutrons and the isotopes of Hydrogen and their role in the existence of the rest of the elements of the Periodic Table.

THE UNDERLYING PATTERN
This section presents calculations and a table showing the pattern of creation of the natural elements from Hydrogen and its two isotopes: Deuterium and Tritium.

WHAT IS GIMMEL?
Gimmel is the third form of reality, not directly measurable as mass or energy that nevertheless completes the symmetry of the combinations of elementary particles, making it possible for a complex physical universe with atomic and molecular structures supportive of life to exist.

Gimmel can manifest as either mass or energy, as needed to maintain symmetry and stability, and plays a role in the conservation of mass and energy.

The hypotheses proposed in this paper concerning the origin of mass and the multi-dimensional spin of elementary particles have been demonstrated to be valid because results obtained with them are consistent with empirical experimental data to a level of accuracy that would not be possible if they were not valid.

With the application of the quantum mathematics of the CoDD, the mathematical imperative of Fermat’s Last Theorem, and the symmetry of multi-dimensional spinning elementary particles, it is possible to explain a number of things unexplained or only vaguely explained in the current standard model paradigm. These things include, but are not limited to: the variable mass of combined particles, the intrinsic spin of fermions 30, and the Cabibbo mixing angle of quarks 31. Recognition of the existence of a multi-dimensional third form of reality not directly measureable as mass or energy provides a new avenue for investigation of paranormal and rare event phenomena, especially if gimmel can be shown to be related to consciousness.


REFERENCES:
1. Planck, M: The Theory of Heat Radiation. Translated by Masius, M.P., Blakiston’s Sons & Co, 1912.
2. Einstein, A: Explanation of the photoelectric effect with use of the quantum hypothesis of Planck: Concerning a heuristic point of view toward the emission and transformation of light. Annalen der Physik 17: 132-148, http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/100  1905.
3. Broglie, L: Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Researches on the quantum theory), Thesis, Paris,   1924, Ann. de Physique (10) 3, 22
4. Baron, Margaret E: The Origins of the Infinitesimal Calculus, Courier Corporation, 1969 
5. Einstein A: Relativity, the special and the general theory 15 Edition. New York: Crown Publishers,       1952.
6. Minkowski, Hermann: "Raum und Zeit", 80. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher (Köln,             1908). Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 104-111 (1909) and Jahresbericht der Deutschen             Mathematiker-Vereinigung 18 75-88 (1909). For an English translation, see Lorentz et al. (1952)
7. Planck, M: Max Planck:  Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers. New York: Harper 1949.
8. Einstein, A: Note to the Fifteenth Edition, Relativity, the special and the general theory 15 Edition .            New York: Crown Publishers, p. vi, 1952.
9. Einstein, A: "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" , Annalen der Physik, 322 (10): 891–921, 1905
10. Fetter, A.L. &  Walecka, D.J: Theoretical Mechanics of Particles and Continua, Courier             Corporation, Dec 16, 2003
11. Cotton, A.F., and Wilkinson, G.: Advance Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed., John Wiley 1988)             p.1381 ISBN 0-471-84997-9
12. Brown, G. S.: Laws of Form, New York: Julian Press, 1977
13. Close, E.R.: Infinite Continuity, Paradigm Press, 1990
14. Ibid: Transcendental Physics, Paradigm Press, 1997, iuniverse, 2000
15. Brandin V, Close ER: The calculus of dimensional distinctions: Elements of mathematical theory of              intellect, Moscow, 2003
16. Neppe, V.M., & Close, E.R.: Reality Begins With Consciousness, BrainVoyage.com, 2016
17. Close ER, Neppe VM: The Calculus of Distinctions: A workable mathematicologic model across dimensions and consciousness. Dynamic International Journal of Exceptional Creative Achievement 1210: 1210; 2387 -2397,  2012.
18. http://www.periodictable.com/Properties/A/HalfLife.html
19. www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, “Proton lifetime is longer than 1034 years", 25 November 2009
20. Schwinger, Julian: The Theory of Quantized Fields I. Physical Review. 82. p. 914, 1951
21. Singh, Simon: Fermat's Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical   Problem, Fourth Estate, Ltd. 1997
22. Cho, Adrian (April 2010). "Mass of the Common Quark Finally Nailed Down". Science Magazine April 2012
23. Hugh G. Gauch, Scientific Method in Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2003 Occam’s razor
24. Close, ER and Neppe, VM Putting Consciousness into the Equations of Mathematics: the third   substance Gimmel and TRUE, IQNexus J 7:4; 7-­119, 2015 v2 151221© ECAO
25. Trimble, V. (1987). "Existence and nature of dark matter in the universe", Annual Review of         Astronomy and Astrophysics 25: 425–472.
26. Close ER, Neppe VM: The TRUE unit: triadic rotational units of equivalence (TRUE) and the third form of reality: gimmel; the conveyance equation (Part 12). IQNexus Journal 7: 4; 55-65, 2015.
27. Breithaupt, J: New Understanding Physics for Advanced Level, Chapter 4: Nelson Thornes,           Rotational Dynamics, p 54-65, 2000
28. Silk, Joseph: Horizons of Cosmology. Templeton Press. p. 208, 2009
29. Basdevant, Jean-Louis; Rich, James; Spiro, Michael (2005). Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics: From      Nuclear Structure to Cosmology, Chapter 4: 4.3.2, b decay of nuclei, p.202, Springer.
30. Close ER, Neppe VM: The eighth conundrum: angular momentum and intrinsic electron           spin. IQNexus Journal 7: 2; 44-45, 2015
31. Close ER, Neppe VM: The seventh conundrum: the mathematical derivation of the Cabibbo mixing angle in fermions. IQNexus Journal 7: 2; 41-43, 2015